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1 exchange rate risk
Finthe risk of suffering loss on converting another currency to the currency of a company’s own country.EXAMPLEExchange rate risks can be arranged into three primary categories. (1.) Economic exposure: operating costs will rise due to changes in rates and make a product uncompetitive in the world market. Little can be done to reduce this routine business risk that every enterprise must endure. (2.) Translation exposure: the impact of currency exchange rates will reduce a company’s earnings and weaken its balance sheet. To reduce translation exposure, experienced corporate fund managers use a range of techniques known as currency hedging. (3.) Transaction exposure: there will be an unfavorable move in a specific currency between the time when a contract is agreed and the time it is completed, or between the time when a lending or borrowing is initiated and the time the funds are repaid. Transaction exposure can be eased by factoring: transferring title to foreign accounts receivable to a third-party factoring house.Although there is no definitive way of forecasting exchange rates, largely because the world’s economies and financial markets are evolving so rapidly, the relationships between exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates can serve as leading indicators of changes in risk. These relationships are as follows. Purchasing Power Parity theory (PPP): while it can be expressed differently, the most common expression links the changes in exchange rates to those in relative price indices in two countries:Rate of change of exchange rate = Difference in inflation ratesInternational Fisher Effect (IFE): this holds that an interest-rate differential will exist only if the exchange rate is expected to change in such a way that the advantage of the higher interest rate is offset by the loss on the foreign exchange transactions. Practically speaking, the IFE implies that while an investor in a low-interest country can convert funds into the currency of a high-interest country and earn a higher rate, the gain (the interest rate differential) will be offset by the expected loss due to foreign exchange rate changes. The relationship is stated as:Expected rate of change of the exchange rate = Interest-rate differentialUnbiased Forward Rate Theory: this holds that the forward exchange rate is the best unbiased estimate of the expected future spot exchange rate.Expected exchange rate = Forward exchange rate -
2 Total Risk Assessing Cost Estimate
Military: TRACEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Total Risk Assessing Cost Estimate
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3 Total Risk Assessing Cost Estimate for Production
Military: TRACE-PУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Total Risk Assessing Cost Estimate for Production
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4 Total Risk Assessment Cost Estimate
Chemical weapons: TRACEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Total Risk Assessment Cost Estimate
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5 оценка риска
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > оценка риска
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6 оценка риска
risk estimate, risk assessment, valuation of risk, risk evaluation, evaluation of risk, risk weightingРусско-Английский новый экономический словарь > оценка риска
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7 ocena ryzyka
• risk assessment• risk estimate -
8 оценка риска
risk estimate;risk weightings -
9 оцінка
ж1) ( дія) valuing, valuation, assessment; (думка, міркування) appraisal, iluation, assessment, estimate, estimation, rating; ( позитивна) appreciationоцінка акцій — valuation of stock, valuation of shares
оцінка витрат — costs estimate, estimate of costs
оцінка можливих варіантів комп. — "what-if" evaluation
оцінка обстановки військ. — estimate of the situation
завищена оцінка — overestimation, overvaluation; об'єктивна
оцінка ризику — risk estimate, risk assessment, valuation of risk, risk evaluation, evaluation of risk, risk weighting
страхова оцінка — insurance ( actuarial) valuation, insurance appraisal; суб'єктивна
давати оцінку — to evaluate, to make evaluation, to assess, to give assessment, to give an estimate; to give estimation; to give appraisal
2) ( на іспиті) mark, score; амер. gradeпогана оцінка сл. — black mark
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10 оценка риска
1) Engineering: risk assessment (аварии)2) Economy: estimated risk, risk estimate, risk valuation, valuation of risk3) Accounting: (степени) risk appraisal4) Insurance: quotation, risk appraisal5) Oil: risk assessment (1. аварии; 2. выполнения проекта), value of risk6) Business: evaluation of risk, risk evaluation, risk weighting7) Sakhalin energy glossary: risk assessment( The assessment of risks against standards, judgement and criteria in order to help decide on further action. Risk assessment may be wholly qualitative or may be assisted by quantification of the risks)8) EBRD: risk rating, risk weightings9) Automation: risk management10) Aviation medicine: (степени) risk assessment11) Disaster recovery: risk assessment (Оценка степени риска и его приемлемости) -
11 оценка риска
estimated risk, estimation of risk, risk estimate, valuation of risk -
12 оценка риска
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13 оценка с равным риском
Mathematics: equal-risk estimateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > оценка с равным риском
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14 расстояние потенциального риска поражения
Military: Risk-estimate distanceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > расстояние потенциального риска поражения
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15 оценка риска
risk rating ([e]valuation, assessment, estimate); estimated riskBanks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > оценка риска
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16 calcular
adj.calculary, related to calculus or stones.v.1 to calculate (cantidades).calcular mal to miscalculate2 to reckon.le calculo sesenta años I reckon he's about sixty3 to imagine.calcula la sorpresa que se llevó cuando se lo dijimos just imagine how surprised he was when we told him* * *1 to calculate, work out2 (evaluar) to estimate, calculate3 (suponer) to think, suppose, figure, guess\calculando por lo bajo at the lowest estimate* * *verb1) to calculate2) reckon, estimate* * *VT1) (Mat) [exactamente] to calculate, work outdebes calcular la cantidad exacta — you must calculate o work out the exact number
calcular la distancia entre dos puntos — to calculate o work out the distance between two points
2) [estimativamente]calculo que debe de tener unos cuarenta años — I reckon o ( esp EEUU) figure he must be about 40 (years old)
¿cuánto calculas que puede costar? — how much do you reckon it might cost?
calculo que llegará mañana — I reckon o ( esp EEUU) figure he'll come tomorrow
3) (=planear) to work out, figure outlo calculó todo hasta el más mínimo detalle — he worked o figured it all out down to the last detail
4) * (=imaginar)-¿tienes ganas de ir? -¡calcula! — "are you looking forward to going?" - "what do you think? o you bet (I am)!" *
5) (Arquit) [+ puente, bóveda] to design, plan* * *verbo transitivo1)a) (Mat) <precio/cantidad> to calculate, work outb) (considerar, conjeturar) to reckonyo le calculo unos sesenta años — I reckon o guess he's about sixty
se calcula que asistieron más de cien personas — over a hundred people are estimated to have attended
c) (fam) ( imaginar) to imagine2) ( planear) to work out* * *= calculate, compute, tote up, tot up.Ex. If the initial question mark in this field is not replaced, the number of characters to be skipped will be calculated by the system.Ex. There will always be plenty of things to compute in the detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things.Ex. When you tote up the carbon emissions caused by clearing land to grow corn, fertilizing it and transporting it, corn ethanol leaves twice the carbon footprint as gasoline.Ex. Babies cry for an average of five hours a day for the first three months and tot up 51 days in their first year, according to survey.----* calcular el costo = cost.* calcular la cuenta = tot up, tote up.* calcular los costes = cost out.* calcular mal = misjudge, miscalculate.* calcular un riesgo = calculate + risk.* tabla de calcular = ready reckoner, reckoner.* volver a calcular = recalculation.* * *verbo transitivo1)a) (Mat) <precio/cantidad> to calculate, work outb) (considerar, conjeturar) to reckonyo le calculo unos sesenta años — I reckon o guess he's about sixty
se calcula que asistieron más de cien personas — over a hundred people are estimated to have attended
c) (fam) ( imaginar) to imagine2) ( planear) to work out* * *= calculate, compute, tote up, tot up.Ex: If the initial question mark in this field is not replaced, the number of characters to be skipped will be calculated by the system.
Ex: There will always be plenty of things to compute in the detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things.Ex: When you tote up the carbon emissions caused by clearing land to grow corn, fertilizing it and transporting it, corn ethanol leaves twice the carbon footprint as gasoline.Ex: Babies cry for an average of five hours a day for the first three months and tot up 51 days in their first year, according to survey.* calcular el costo = cost.* calcular la cuenta = tot up, tote up.* calcular los costes = cost out.* calcular mal = misjudge, miscalculate.* calcular un riesgo = calculate + risk.* tabla de calcular = ready reckoner, reckoner.* volver a calcular = recalculation.* * *calcular [A1 ]vtA1 ( Mat) ‹precio/cantidad› to calculate, work outcalculando por lo bajo at a conservative estimatecalculé mal la distancia I misjudged o miscalculated the distance, I didn't judge the distance right2(considerar, conjeturar): calculo que estaremos de vuelta a eso de las seis I should think o I would estimate we'll be back around six, at a guess we should be back around six¿cuánto tiempo calculas que tardarán? how long do you reckon o suppose o think it'll take them?yo le calculo unos sesenta años I should think he's about sixty, I reckon o guess he's about sixtyse calcula que más de cien personas perdieron la vida over a hundred people are estimated to have lost their lives3 ( fam) (imaginar) to imaginecalcula el disgusto que se habrán llevado imagine o just think how upset they must have beentendrás muchas ganas de volver a verlo — ¡calcula! I expect you're really looking forward to seeing him again — you bet! o what do you think?B (planear) to work outlo tenía todo calculado he had it all worked outcon un gesto calculado with a calculated gestureC ‹puente/bóveda› to do the calculations for* * *
calcular ( conjugate calcular) verbo transitivo
1
◊ yo le calculo unos sesenta años I reckon o guess he's about sixty
2 ( planear) to work out;
calcular verbo transitivo
1 Mat to calculate
2 (evaluar, estimar) to (make an) estimate: no supe calcular los riesgos, I was not able to determine the risks
calculé mal la distancia y me caí, I failed to gauge the distance and I fell
3 (conjeturar) to reckon, guess: calculo que mañana podré ir al museo, I guess I'll be able to go to the museum tomorrow
' calcular' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cifrar
- echar
- estimar
- presupuestar
- tantear
- triangular
- medir
English:
assess
- average
- calculate
- compute
- cost
- estimate
- make
- miscalculate
- misjudge
- put
- reckon
- time
- work out
- figure
- gauge
- judge
- measure
- work
* * *calcular vt1. [cantidades] to calculate;calcular la raíz cuadrada de un número to calculate o extract the square root of a number;calcular un puente/una bóveda to do the calculations involved in building a bridge/a vault;calcular mal to miscalculate, to misjudge;calcular a ojo to judge by eye;calculando por lo alto, costará unos 2 millones it will cost about 2 million at the most o the outside;¿podrías calcular por lo bajo cuánto tiempo haría falta? could you work out the minimum amount of time it would take?;su fortuna se calcula en $20 millones he is estimated to be worth $20 million2. [pensar, considerar]está todo cuidadosamente calculado everything has been carefully worked out;no calculó las consecuencias de sus actos she didn't foresee the consequences of her actions;no calcularon bien el impacto de sus acciones they misjudged the effect their actions would have3. [suponer] to reckon;le calculo sesenta años I reckon o guess he's about sixty;calculo que estará listo mañana I reckon o think it will be ready tomorrow4. [imaginar] to imagine;calcula la sorpresa que se llevó cuando se lo dijimos just imagine how surprised he was when we told him;¿y se enfadó? – ¡calcula! was he angry? – well, what do you think?* * *v/t tb figcalculate* * *calcular vt1) : to calculate, to estimate2) : to plan, to scheme* * *calcular vb1. (en general) to calculate / to work out¿sabes cómo calcular la superficie de un triángulo? do you know how to work out the area of a triangle?2. (suponer) to reckon¿cuántos años le calculas? how old do you reckon he is? -
17 dinero negro
m.black money, unlawful money.* * *(n.) = undeclared income, grey money [gray money], black moneyEx. He decided that he would not on principle refuse to earn undeclared income in the underground economy if a reasonably risk-free opportunity presented itself.Ex. Economists estimate that some ten percent of circulating capital in the world is ' gray money' derived from illegal activity (largely drug and weapon sales).Ex. Finally, the Finance Minister should perhaps think of falling back on his old strategy -- of ferreting out the black money using some carrot.* * *(n.) = undeclared income, grey money [gray money], black moneyEx: He decided that he would not on principle refuse to earn undeclared income in the underground economy if a reasonably risk-free opportunity presented itself.
Ex: Economists estimate that some ten percent of circulating capital in the world is ' gray money' derived from illegal activity (largely drug and weapon sales).Ex: Finally, the Finance Minister should perhaps think of falling back on his old strategy -- of ferreting out the black money using some carrot.* * *undeclared money -
18 freno antibloqueo
(n.) = antilock brakeEx. A few studies have tried to estimate the association between the presence of antilock brakes in a vehicle and the risk of injury in a crash.* * *(n.) = antilock brakeEx: A few studies have tried to estimate the association between the presence of antilock brakes in a vehicle and the risk of injury in a crash.
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19 gerente
f. & m.manager, director.m.1 manager, director, boss, managing agent.2 manageress.* * ** * *noun mf.* * *SMF manager/manageress* * *masculino y femenino manager* * *= manager [manageress, -fem.], registrar, manageress [manager, -masc.], office manager, business manager, financial officer, city manager, town manager, city budget director, secretary, provost.Ex. Such hosts are more likely to be accessed by end-users such as economists and managers, than information workers.Ex. The article 'Museum data bank report: the yogi and the registrar' is a contribution to an issue devoted to linking art objects and art information.Ex. Personality profiles of managers and managereses show little relevant difference.Ex. This department is headed by a general office manager who has a staff of bookkeepers, billing clerks, comptrollers, and secretaries.Ex. Watman wondered how the profession would react to the idea of a business manager instead of assistant.Ex. Financial officers in publishing are responsible for the business operation of the company.Ex. This paper describes a case study where a proposal by the city manager to cut the budget of the public library by 40% has left the library director very disheartened.Ex. Department heads estimate their expenditures for the coming year and submit them to the town manager, who approves or disapproves them.Ex. The city budget director announced that in the next fiscal year the city of Deuxville will adopt a program budget format.Ex. Donald P Hammer, Executive secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.Ex. Librarians have accumulated a lot more capital than we think, and provosts want librarians to be risk takers.----* gerente de restaurante = restaurant manager.* gerente de ventas = sales manager.* * *masculino y femenino manager* * *= manager [manageress, -fem.], registrar, manageress [manager, -masc.], office manager, business manager, financial officer, city manager, town manager, city budget director, secretary, provost.Ex: Such hosts are more likely to be accessed by end-users such as economists and managers, than information workers.
Ex: The article 'Museum data bank report: the yogi and the registrar' is a contribution to an issue devoted to linking art objects and art information.Ex: Personality profiles of managers and managereses show little relevant difference.Ex: This department is headed by a general office manager who has a staff of bookkeepers, billing clerks, comptrollers, and secretaries.Ex: Watman wondered how the profession would react to the idea of a business manager instead of assistant.Ex: Financial officers in publishing are responsible for the business operation of the company.Ex: This paper describes a case study where a proposal by the city manager to cut the budget of the public library by 40% has left the library director very disheartened.Ex: Department heads estimate their expenditures for the coming year and submit them to the town manager, who approves or disapproves them.Ex: The city budget director announced that in the next fiscal year the city of Deuxville will adopt a program budget format.Ex: Donald P Hammer, Executive secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.Ex: Librarians have accumulated a lot more capital than we think, and provosts want librarians to be risk takers.* gerente de restaurante = restaurant manager.* gerente de ventas = sales manager.* * *managerCompuestos:business managerbank managergeneral manager* * *
gerente sustantivo masculino y femenino
manager;
gerente mf manager
' gerente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
oído
- director
English:
directive
- manager
- manageress
- mgr
- president
- mind
* * *gerente nmfmanagergerente de banco bank manager;gerente general general manager;Com gerente de línea line manager* * *m/f manager* * *gerente nmf: manager, director* * *gerente n manager manager puede referirse tanto a un hombre como a una mujer, pero existe también el término manageress, sólo para mujeres -
20 arbitrage pricing theory
Fina model of financial instrument and portfolio behavior that provides a benchmark of return and risk for capital budgeting and securities analysis. It can be used to create portfolios that track a market index, estimate the risk of an asset allocation strategy, or estimate the response of a portfolio to economic developments.
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